In 2019 researchers measured for the first time blue-green algae blooms under specific conditions released harmful toxins into the air. Researchers measured concentrations as high as 21 nanograms of ATX per milligram of air, and captured an average of 0.87 nanograms of ATX in each filter.It's likely that brisk winds helped the toxins get airborne, while the surrounding fog prevented the toxins from being dispersed beyond detectable levels by the wind.
Blue-green algae, technically known as cyanobacteria, are microscopic organisms that are naturally present in lakes and streams. Under certain conditions, blue-green algae can become abundant in warm, shallow, undisturbed, nutrient-rich surface waters that receive a lot of sunlight. When this occurs, blue-green algae can form blooms that discolor the water, or produce floating mats or scums on the water’s surface. Blooms can also form on rocks, along the shoreline, and at the bottom of a waterbody.
Some blue-green algae can produce toxins, some do not. However, exposure to any blue-green algae blooms can cause health effects in people and animals when water with blooms is touched, swallowed, or when airborne droplets are inhaled. Exposure to high levels of blue-green algae and their toxins can cause diarrhea, nausea or vomiting; skin, eye or throat irritation; and allergic reactions or breathing difficulties.
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